Littering and pollution Essay Example

Littering and pollution Paper Littering is a problem in our society that is getting out of control. The population is constantly rising at a rate of 159 people per minute. It is easy to see how pollution and littering is rising with population. This relates to everyone because it affects us all in some way or another. I will explain what pollution is and where it comes from. Im going to tell you how pollution is slowly killing our society as well as environment. Will also tell you some possible nationwide and local solutions to this widespread problem. Body: I. Pollution is destructive for our society and its environment. A. What is pollution? I. Pollution is the State Of being polluted, especially the contamination Of soil, water, or the atmosphere by the discharge of harmful substances. B. How is litter and pollution destructive? I. The better question would be Why do we need to fix this problem? 1. We ill answer both of these questions. Ii. Pollution and litter are destructive to our society in many ways. 1 . Litter and pollution can harm the water supply. A. Water quality reports indicate that 45% percent of U . S. Streams, 47% of lakes, and 32% of bays are polluted. 2. Litter can attract unwanted pests to your local area, like opossums, rats, coyotes, and raccoons. A. Unwanted pests cause unwanted damage to your property. C. To find out how we can to fix this problem we need to find the source. I. Pollution and litter comes from many places. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In our society, litter comes from garbage, construction, and business sites. 2. In addition, it comes from 75% of Americans who admitted to littering in the past five years that dont think about the consequences of their actions. I. Do you think about what happens when you throw that little piece of trash out the car window? 1 . Probably not, but just take a second to think about that huge buck that was wandering along that ate some plastic wrapper you threw out and now you wont be able to hang his horns on your wall because he wobbled out into the middle of the woods and died. 2. How about that little puppy that is out in the yard when the little piece of trash blows over a fence and he swallows it down and suffocates. A. Actions have consequences, so think about all of the consequences your actions have. Transition: Now that we have talked about why littering is destructive and the source of this destruction, let us talk of possible ways we can fix the problem. II. There are some possible countrywide solutions. A. Country. Vide solutions would have to be easily transplanted into our society. I. I suggest that restaurants build compost boxes for food scraps. Those who build the boxes can receive tax breaks and give customers that use the compost box some kind of discount. A. This would cut down on food waste and help cut down on garbage related to food waste in restaurants. Ii. New businesses can create litterbugs that fits inside of cars in order to persuade people to stop throwing things out the window while driving down the road. 1. There can be a discount for people who use the litterbug. A. For every ten bags filled and recycled, there can be a certain amount of bags they get back free. B. There are local changes that can be proposed also. . In order to clean up the streets we could make cleaning fun. 1. For example, we could attach basketball hoops to waste cans in public. A. We could call this design Trash-Hoops and use them in the cities with the most awful pollution problems. B. This would force out the competitors in all Americans and make cleaning fun. I. There will be people who miss, but how many friends have you seen shoot a paper ball at the trash and miss, then get angry about their lack of skill, go pick up the paper then shoot it again. Ii. I propose that a new elective be made called Earth Conservation 1. In this class, students would be able to learn about conservation techniques and explore ways to cut down on waste. A. In addition, students would have the chance to practice the newly acquired knowledge and skills in their community. I. This would increase knowledge on the topic of littering and pollution, as well as benefit the community. C. There are changes being made today to help cut down on litter and pollution. I. For example, water bottles with filters help cut down on plastic bottles being thrown around and wasted. Ii. In addition, groups are ginning to form in local areas to help clean up trash and litter. Conclusion: To conclude, have told you what pollution is and how littering and pollution are destructive forces on the world. We have asked, How are they destructive? and we have found main sources of pollution. I have proposed that nationwide and local changes are made in order to help put a stop to littering and pollution. The restaurant compost boxes, litterbugs production, trash-hoops, and the elective Earth Conservation. There is a problem with the amount of pollution on the earth, I have only given some elution.

Lawrence Sports †Working Capital Policy Paper

Lawrence Sports – Working Capital Policy Paper Free Online Research Papers Lawrence Sports is a manufacturer and distributor of sporting goods equipment and protective gear. They have one major customer, Mayo Stores, which supplies 95% of the company revenues for Lawrence Sports. Mayo Stores is a leading world retailer and is in the process of expanding their business internationally. The expansion process has limited Mayo Stores’ ability to make the scheduled payments to Lawrence Sports. This is having a great financial impact on Lawrence Sports business operations (University of Phoenix, 2007). Lawrence Sports has two primary suppliers: Gartner Products and Murray Leather Works. Gartner Products is the largest supplier, providing approximately 70% of the materials for Lawrence Sports. Lawrence Sports is not a major customer for Gartner Products which could limit financial negotiation abilities. Murray Leather Works is a much smaller company. Murray Leather Works has been able to obtain Lawrence Sports as their primary customer, supplying 75% of their revenues. Negotiations with Murray Leather Works will need to be handled delicately. Delaying payments too long could have a severe impact on Murray Leather Works financial well-being. It will be important to structure agreements with both suppliers which allow for payment flexibility for Lawrence Sports (University of Phoenix, 2007). Lawrence Sports needs to build and maintain strong relationships with both their customers and suppliers. These relationships strengthen account negotiation processes. It will also provide for proper management of accounts receivables and accounts payables which will reduce the need to rely on borrowing from the bank line of credit (University of Phoenix, 2007). Properly managing cash reserves, credit policies, negotiating supplier strategies, and available bank financing will provide Lawrence Sports with an optimal working capital strategy. This strategy shall also be monitored to ensure suitable performance is being achieved. Working Capital Policy Cash balance requirements including cash reserves needed for long-term opportunities that may arise. Lawrence Sports needs to determine an ideal cash reserve. An ideal cash reserve is to find a proper balance between flexible financial policies and restrictive financial policies. Flexible financial policies include maintaining large cash balances and marketable securities, holding large balances in inventory, and offering liberal credit terms. Restrictive policies are the opposite of flexible policies low cash reserves, low inventory, and no credit sales. A restrictive policy could result in shortage costs. Shortage costs occur when current assets are low which result in payment defaults or creating a need to borrow (Ross, 2004). Lawrence Sports is required to maintain a minimum of a $50,000 cash balance in the bank at all times (University of Phoenix, 2007). This needs to be considered in determining the ideal reserve and reviewing cash budgeting. Cash budgeting includes examining the timeline of cash inflows and cash outflows and reviewing the sources and uses of cash. Currently, Lawrence Sports is faced with delayed payments from their primary customer, Mayo Stores, and a need to make payments to their suppliers. An alternative available is to borrow from a bank line of credit. This is not the preferred solution due to the high-interest costs incurred. Lawrence Sports needs to determine a target cash reserve for their company. The target needs to incorporate the minimum $50,000 required cash balance by the bank, determine a safety reserve for unforeseen expenses, and the cash required for the company operating cycle. Lawrence Sports may want to benchmark industry websites in determining an optimal cash balance. They can also review credit policies, supplier negotiations, and financing strategies to assist with cash requirements for the operating cycle. Credit policy that balances Lawrence Sports desire to minimize accounts receivable and maximize revenue. Lawrence Sports is currently faced with a collection issue with Mayo Stores. Mayo Stores is currently two weeks behind in their payments due to their international expansion efforts. Lawrence Sports has been informed to not expect any payments for an additional two weeks. The lack of cash inflows is creating financial burdens for Lawrence Sports. A review of the credit policy should be reviewed. Lawrence Sports has three different options in offering credit to customers: terms of sale, credit analysis, and collection policy (Ross, 2005). The terms of sale review the period to grant credit, cash discounts, and credit instruments. Three factors affect a decision to grant credit: the probability of non-payment, size of the account, and perish-ability (Ross, 2005). Mayo Stores is Lawrence Sports’ primary customer and a good relationship has been established. Products supplied to Mayo Stores are non-perishable. Providing credit terms generally increases sales. Denying credit to Mayo Stores could be a fatal decision. Therefore, payment negotiations need to be handled delicately. Lawrence Sports could offer a cash discount for payments received early. A cash discount such as 5/10/net 30 could be offered. This would encourage Mayo Stores to provide payments within the first 10 days by offering a 5% discount on the balance due. Payments not received within the first 10 days would not receive a discount (Ross, 2005). This would speed up cash inflows for Lawrence Sports and reduce the need to borrow bank funds. Lawrence Sports could re-negotiate credit instruments by requiring Mayo Stores to sign a promissory note, commercial draft, banker’s acceptance, or conditional sale contract. These instruments provide for a more formal collection policy where repayment ability may be questionable (Ross, 2005). Requiring a credit instrument could damage the relationship with Mayo Stores and may not be the best option to pursue. Supplier negotiation strategy for terms of payment that balances the costs to Lawrence Sports and their cash requirements. Lawrence Sports currently has two primary suppliers: Gartner Products and Murray Leather Works. Gartner Products is the major supplier for Lawrence Sports, but Lawrence Sports is not one of the primary customers. Therefore, losing business from Lawrence Sports would not have a large impact on Gartner Products. A delay in making payments to Gartner Products could limit the ability to receive supplies from Gartner Products. Murray Leather Works is a small supplier, but Lawrence Sports provides 75% of their revenues. Delayed payments to Murray Leather Works could have a severe impact on operations. Lawrence Sports has a couple of options available in making payments to the accounts payables. They could stretch the payables or re-negotiate their payment terms. Stretching payables allows a company to defer payments. This can be costly due to the loss of being able to take advantage of discounts (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports would need to compare the cost of losing discounts versus the cost of using bank financing. The option that provides the most benefit to Lawrence Sports should be used first. Lawrence Sports could also re-negotiate their credit terms with their suppliers. Increasing the due date from 30 days to 45 to 60 days out would allow additional cash inflows to be received in order to satisfy the payment due dates. Increasing the credit period can reduce the price paid by the customer and can increase sales (Ross, 2005). Increasing the credit period may be beneficial for the suppliers. However, the suppliers would need to adjust their cash budgeting to accommodate the request. Short term financing strategy to ensure the availability of an adequate line of credit while minimizing the cost of that credit. Lawrence Sports has many bank financing options available to them. Some of these options include a revolving line of credit, bridge loans, term loans, and commercial paper. Lawrence Sports currently has a revolving line of credit available to them with a maximum borrowing limit of $1.2 million. Their account is set up to automatically transfer funds if the cash balance goes below the required $50,000 balance. The downfall to using the line of credit is the interest rate associated with borrowing. When the balance reaches $550,000 or higher, the interest rate charged is 16%. Lawrence Sports prefers to keep bank borrowing and the interest rate as low as possible (University of Phoenix, 2007). Other bank lending options include bridge loans and term loans. A bridge loan serves as short-term interim financing. Bridge loans are typically self-liquidating. Term loans for working capital purposes typically have a maturity of four to five years. These loans will normally have level payment amounts. Some situations allow these loans to have a balloon payment or a single bullet payment. Often term loans are renegotiated before maturity. Short-term loans often have a lower interest rate than lines of credit, making this an attractive feature. Term loans can require collateral. Collateral can consist of a pledge of accounts receivables, inventory, or other long-term assets (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports could look to term loan financing for working capital needs. A term loan could be a viable option with a lower interest rate and set payment amounts. This payment structure could result in less demand on the working capital position. Lawrence Sports could also consider issuing commercial paper. Commercial paper eliminates the intermediary and allows the company to issue their own short-term unsecured notes directly to investors. They are typically issued for periods ranging from 60 days to 9 months. Often bank lines of credit are used as guarantees for commercial paper, therefore, reducing the risk involved. Lawrence Sports could consider issuing commercial paper. However, they will need to ensure their credit rating is very high. Investors are often reluctant to invest in low rated companies (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports will want to examine their bank financing options in their working capital strategy. Bank financing will need to be used in situations where cash shortfalls exist between accounts receivables collections and cash outflows to accounts payables. An understanding of how the shortfalls arise and when cash inflows can be expected for repayment will be crucial in obtaining bank financing. Metrics that will be used to monitor performance against the policy. Lawrence Sports has a variety of methods and financial analysis tools to measure financial performance. As the Finance Manager, a regular review of the financial statements will be crucial. The information provided on the financial statements will allow for performance ratios and indicators to be created. Short-term solvency can be measured through the current ratio and quick ratio. Asset management can be monitored through the asset turnover ratio, receivables turnover ratio, and inventory turnover ratio. Leverage ratios, such as the debt-equity ratio and the long-term debt ratio, measure the company’s dependence on bank financing. Profitability is measured through the net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity ratios (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports will want to monitor these ratios on a regular basis. It is recommended that monitoring range from daily to the use of financial forecasting over a three to five year period. These various analyses will allow Lawre nce Sports to monitor their financial position at all times and make adjustments as necessary for long-term company viability. Ethical Implications Lawrence Sports will want to ensure their financial information is documented properly. Financial information that is not properly accounted for can mislead the financial division, lending institutions, as well as investors. Misreporting information leads to faulty financial positions which can lead to obtaining more funds than the company has the ability to repay. It can also result in legal implications of falsifying documents for financial gains. Legal issues can lead to business closures and the possibility of key management personnel serving jail time. The government has put financial reporting requirements in place to help avoid financial misrepresentation. However, a proper review of financial documents needs to be completed on a regular basis by multiple persons within the financial department to serve as a check and balances system. Conclusion Lawrence Sports has many working capital strategies available. A mix of managing cash inflows from accounts receivables, cash outflows for accounts payables, and bank financing options will provide for a strong working capital policy. A cash reserve balance also needs to be available for unforeseen expenses. The best policy for Lawrence Sports is to work with their customers to set collection policies that will provide for cash inflows as quickly as possible while maintaining strong relationships to encourage future sales and revenues for company growth. Lawrence Sports will also need to negotiate payment terms with their suppliers that will accommodate the cash inflow trends. Relationships with suppliers also need to be carefully negotiated to maximize payment terms while at the same time providing for cash inflows for the supplying companies to operate. This is a delicate balance to achieve. The preference is to have accounts receivables collected prior to accounts payables being due. Situations occasionally arise where accounts receivables collections need to be extended which can affect the ability to satisfy accounts payable due dates. In these short-fall situations, Lawrence Sports needs to have bank financing available. Lawrence Sports currently has a revolving line of credit available to cover shortfalls. The interest rate associated with the line of credit is extremely high. The preference is to minimize the use of the line of credit as much as possible. Lawrence Sports will want to communicate their financing policies with their employees to ensure maximum performance is achieved and employees are engaged in the company. Providing a full understanding of company policies will result in best performance on both an employee level as well as a company level. References Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. Allen, F. (2005). Principles of corporate finance: Managing risk. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., Jaffe, J. (2005). Executive Summary (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. University of Phoenix. (2007). Working Capital Management. Retrieved September 19, 2007, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Simulation, MBA 550 – Resource Optimization. Research Papers on Lawrence Sports - Working Capital Policy PaperCash or Card?International PaperGoogle Research PaperFalse AdvertisingGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsDigital Marketing Mix Google EssayGene One the Transition from Private to PublicInflation TargetingCauses of the 2008 Financial CrisisEmployment Law Essay

Discussion board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion board - Assignment Example Women should be allowed to exercise equal rights and societal privileges as men in all spheres of life. They should also be enlightened to use their numbers to end gender discrimination. Title IX is a federal law in the United States of America that prohibits gender or sex discrimination in education and learning institutions. The law lies under the umbrella of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972. According to this law, no person in the US should be excluded from active participation, denied the benefits or discriminated on the basis of sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal assistance. The law forbids denial of university services such as financial assistance, admissions, counseling and academic advice plus housing among others to individuals on the basis of sex. According to Simon (2005), the department of education has been mandated by law to oversee the implementation and enforcement of this provision. The court handles complaints from the students who suffer discrimination and offers disciplinary actions against the offending institution. The department is also in a position to conduct assessments of compliance in an educational institu tion with the aim of enforcing the law even when no complaint has been raised. Although the establishment was well intended, some intended consequences arose. First, there was a shift of discrimination and inequality from the favor of men as was before to disfavor of the men. Secondly, the amount of funds being used to expand the women’s collegiate sports is far more than that being used on men. This is not right and does not amount to equality. Thirdly, the provision that athletes per gender in an institution be proportional to the students per gender does not take into account the aspect of free participation and revenue generation. Therefore, the unintended consequence is that the law discriminates against men as it tries to reduce

Segregation of Schools on the Basis of Gender Research Paper

Segregation of Schools on the Basis of Gender - Research Paper Example Smyth (47) observes that several countries, including Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland, continue to have a sizeable number of single-sex schools, where boys and girls receive education at separate classrooms. However, some of the educational centers vehemently turn down any possibility for the mixing of genders at schools. Consequently, they recommend and enforce segmentation of the children on the basis of their gender. In few of the most developed countries, such as the UK, USA, Canada, and India, the students obtain learning classes under one roof without their segregation on a gender basis. The co-educated schooling is actually exercised on the foundation of the Title IX of the U.S. Education Amendments as of 1972, which vehemently outlawed discrimination on the basis of sex in educational programmes receiving federal funds (Halpern et al.) Thus, the U.S. law absolutely rejects the possibility of segregating the schooling of the children in the light of their gender difference s. Theorists maintain different opinions about the co-education and segregated patterns of education for adolescents and young students. Some of the critics declare segregation of educational centers on gender basis as strictly against the norms, values, traditions, and customs which have been prevailing in the contemporary world for the last several decades. They also cite the example of the division of society on the basis of race, ethnicity, and religion, where people get their children admitted to the schools that belong to their own ethnic-racial background. They stick to the opinion that segregation of boys and girls at schools not only paves the way towards the further splitting up of the already divided society but also disables the young generation from comprehending the challenges they are to undergo as professionals in future. The supporters of co-education schooling declare segregation of the students on the basis of gender as strictly against the principles of gender eq uality. Since the statutes of law condemn the practicing of any ethnic, racial, religious or gender discrimination, depriving the children of getting admission into the schools of their choice is absolutely against the basic rights the Human Rights Charter bestows upon them. Since all boys and girls are free to enjoy their human rights and their potential as individuals in economic, socio-cultural, civil and public life, no law can forbid them to enter into the learning process of their choice altogether. In addition, since boys and girls are to become partners at domestic and career life, they have to be able to enter into decisions making in collaboration with one another so that to secure peace and harmony in their homes, communities, and societies. Schools have an important role to play in preparing girls and boys to listen and communicate effectively with each other in order to build this respectful partnership (UNESCO, 2007). Thus, since men and women are to perform all obliga tions and activities, in political, economic, social and cultural fields, they should learn to behave with each other under healthy and competitive environment principles.

United States as expansionist country Essay Example for Free

United States as expansionist country Essay The United States has been an expansionist country since the pilgrims landed. Until the US established them selves as a definite world power, they had shown themselves to be a very expansionist country. The imperialism of the 1900s may have departed from past actions in terms of size and ambition, but the fundamental reasons and drive for expansion remained the same throughout much of America’s history. Past expansion of the US includes the Manifest Destiny-driven push to the West coast, the annexation of Texas, and the purchase of Alaska. Around the close of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, the United States was an expansionism; such events include the Spanish-American War and the annexation of Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The Spanish-American war was fought in Cuba and the Philippines and was the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence. The U.S. joined because of the Spanish’s treatment of the Cubans and they blamed Spain for the sinking of the USS Maine. The war only lasted for ten weeks; however, the U.S. gained Hawaii as the fiftieth state and received Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines as territories. At the time, the U.S. was very jingoistic and thought they could just take what they wanted (B). This idea is what led to expanding outside of the continental U.S. The U.S. gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1898. The U.S. also gained temporary control of Cuba, which somewhat still exists today with Guantanamo Bay. The U.S. definitely received the favorable end of the deal. The Kingdom of Hawaii was sovereign from 1810 until 1893 when resident American businessmen overthrew the monarchy. Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. but did not become a state until 1959. The United States’ began expanding ever since the original thirteen colonies. Every country desires additional land for resources and economic reasons. After the United States had established itself as a world power, its expansionism did not stop there, the US then set its sights on the countries it sought, in particular the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Hawaii. Not to mention that the other world powers were not picking and choosing what they wanted as well, Britain and Japan were claiming all the weak territories they could on the other side of the world (A). America has also always been very interested in its own economy and making sure that no European countries such as Germany and Britain could dominate economically (C).

The role of Women in Greece :: essays research papers

Greek women, as depicted as in their history and literature, endure many hardships and struggle to establish a meaningful status in their society. In the Odyssey, Penelope’s only role in the epic is to support Odysseus and remain loyal to him. She is at home and struggles to keep her family intact while Odysseus is away trying to return to his native land. The cultural role of women is depicted as being supportive of man and nothing more. Yet what women in ancient Greece did long ago was by far more impressive than what men did. Unfortunately though, they were still placed at a level that was below man because he is depicted as being the root of the family. This fact not only holds true for The Odyssey but in the ancient Greek way of life, too. For example, women did not have such a meaningful role in Greek drama as the men did. The parts of women would be played by men in the majority of the plays. The reason this took place was because all of the playwrights were men. There were cases in which women were used in plays but they were used solely as models. Nonetheless, all of the types of women that lived in ancient Greece were depicted in all of the playwrights. The women in these plays were depicted by the role of a sinner, saint, poetess, coward, heroine, and many more. This was purposefully done in an attempt to make the audience relate to a certain character. In doing so, they could imagine that they were indeed a part of the play to some extent. As a result, these characters have significant religious meanings and serve as a form of inspiration to other women. This would mainly apply to those women who were in attendance. This would include women of all classes that simply wanted to watch a play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their limitations amongst society can also be noticed by the amount of education that they are entitled to. Plato’s Republic mentions how the role of women is determined by the status of their spouse. For instance, if a woman were to be the wife of a guard, then she would be expected to live at the level of that status, too. She is expected to be able to contribute to society a great deal more rather than stay at home and take care of her children and household.

Origin of the Internet Essay

The Internet as we know it originates from government-funded research into networking technologies with strategic applications. Journalist and erstwhile Internet historian David Hudson (14-16) observes that the ARPANET or Advanced Research Projects Agency Network formed the technical backbone of what would become the Internet. The ARPANET was a communications network in which each node had equal network privileges. The rationale behind this decentralized architecture was that regardless of which node on the network would be destroyed, the network’s functionality would not be compromised. This is perhaps what distinguishes the Internet most from other communications technologies, and is possible due to the development of packet switching and TCP/IP which enabled data to be sent discontinuously to circumvent the need for a dedicated data stream. However, it was not until the ARPANET was interlinked with the NSFNet in the mid-70s that the term â€Å"Internet† began to attain increasing currency among network professionals. Furthermore, the increasing adoption by other nations as well as universities and research institutions of TCP/IP permitted the expansion of the ARPANET’s fundamental architecture, effectively increasing the geographical coverage of the emerging network. (National Science Foundation 10-12) What truly permitted the Internet to integrate itself into the lives of individuals beyond government and research was the rise of several applications and protocols that increased its ‘extracurricular’ potential, most notably hypertext. Hypertext within a computer networking context was developed by CERN’s Tim Berners-Lee but was made ubiquitous by Marc Andreessen’s Mosaic browser, which was the first web browser to gain mass acceptance. Since then, the Web has become the popular face of the Internet. Works Cited Hudson, David. Rewired. Indianapolis, Indiana: MacMillan Technical Publishing, 1997. Aboba, Bernard. The Online User’s Encyclopedia: Bulletin Boards and Beyond. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994. National Science Foundation. America’s Investment in the Future, The Internet: Changing the Way We Communicate. Retrieved October 30, 2008 from: http://www. nsf. gov/about/history/nsf0050/pdf/internet. pdf