Karl Marxs Views on Religion - 1903 Words

Karl Marx has greatly influenced the creation of the modern world and was one of the first revolutionary communist. Through his literary works and philosophies he helped to inspire many 20th century communist regimes including the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and North Korea. Marx’s ideas did not end at communism; his religious ideology also helped shape and mold the 20th century world. Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier, Germany and died in 1883. He was a philosopher who turned to economics and politics in his mid 20’s. His family was Jewish but they converted to Christianity so that Marx’s father might pursue his career as a lawyer. Marx studied law in Berlin and then wrote a thesis for his doctorate in philosophy. Marx had†¦show more content†¦In the preface to his doctoral dissertation, Marx adopted as his motto the words of the Greek hero Prometheus who defied the gods to bring fire to humanity: â€Å"I hate all gods,† with addition tha t they â€Å"do not recognize man’s self-consciousness as the highest divinity (Marx).† Third, religion is hypocritical. Although it might profess valuable principles, it sides with the oppressors. Jesus advocated helping the poor, but the Christian church merged with the oppressive Roman state, taking part in the enslavement of people for centuries. In the Middle Ages the Catholic Church preached about heaven, but acquired as much property and power as possible. Martin Luther preached the ability of each individual to interpret the Bible, but sided with aristocratic rulers and against peasants who fought against economic and social oppression. According to Marx, this new form of Christianity, Protestantism, was a production of new economic forces as early capitalism developed. New economic realities required a new religious superstructure by which it could be justified and defended. In addition to critiquing religion, Karl Marx wrote about the basic ideologies and principles on socialism and communism. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx discusses the problems facing society and how the government is responsible for this. According to Marx, the East-Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of America, and trade with theShow MoreRelatedMarxs Claim on Religion: Explanation, Analysis, and Problem1088 Words   |  4 PagesMarxs Claim on Religion: In the past few years, Karl Marx has been increasingly incorporated in general sociology though his ideas are briefly mentioned or totally ignored in certain specialties in the sociological field. One of the major sociological specialties where Marxs ideas have been briefly mentioned is the sociology of religion. The sociology of religion only consists of few references to Marxs concepts and views though he accorded much significance to religion. Regardless of the minimalRead MoreKarl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim offered differing perspectives on the role of religion. Choose the theorist whose insights you prefer and theorists views over the others.991 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim offered differing perspectives on the role of religion. Choose the theorist whose insights you prefer and outline how they perceived religion operating socially. Discuss why you chose your preferred theorists views over the others. Marx, Durkheim and Weber each had different sociological views of the role and function of Religion. My preferred theorists view’s on Religion is Karl Marx’s as I feel his ideas are more relevantRead MoreEmile Durkheim And Karl Marx746 Words   |  3 PagesEmile Durkheim and Karl Marx are considered the founding fathers of sociology. Both men had an influence on the development of sociology. Marx and Durkheim differed in their idea of what alienation consisted of. For Marx, the issue was class conflict. While, for Durkheim, it was a disordered society trying to adapt. Although they both had different concepts of alienation, both men believed that alienation lead to a man’s disconnectedness with society and their natural state of mind. Durkheim andRead MoreComparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber1327 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber were three historical sociologists. Their views have become world renown and have shaped many ways of interpreting the social structure of many modern societies. This essay will take a glimpse into the three sociologists’ ideals and expose the similarities and differences they may have. Karl Marx’s view of society was based around the economy. All other social structures according toRead MoreEssay on The Goal of Functionalism in Religion1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe goal of functionalism, with regards to religion, is to analyze religion and explain its purpose by showing what role it plays for humans within society. Sigmund Freud, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx were all functionalist who developed theories as to why religion was such a major part of their society. Their views are very different from the two theorists E.B. Tylor and James Frazer, as they believed humans were using religion to try and explain the unknowns in the world. Though all three of theRead MoreThe Views of Marx Weber, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim on Religion 1475 Words   |  6 PagesMarx Weber, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim Ordinarily, religion is one of the rationales of social orientations, that in one way or another influences the society’s social stability. This is because religion is the impelling force for regulations in the society as well as a destabilizing drive for transformation. Marx Weber together with Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim were very influential personalities in the course of the 19th century, and even now. In one way or another, these persons attempted toRead MoreKarl Marx and Emile Durkeim on Religion1280 Words   |  5 PagesThrough looking at Karl Marx’s application of religion as well as Emile Durkheim’s concepts of religion, it is shown that religion is an ideology that is seen throughout modern society. Although there are many different views surrounding religion, my main objective in this essay is to assess Marx’s claim that Religion is an ideology by focusing primarily on Marx and Durkheim’s views on religion. In order to establish religio n as an ideology, we must start by looking at what makes something an ideologyRead MoreMarx: The Economic Basis of Human Societies 1093 Words   |  5 Pages(Collins English Dictionary, 1994: 959). In this assignment the worldview of Karl Marx will be discovered and the crux of Marxism will be uncovered. Marx’s Life and Work Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Germany during an oppressive time. His Jewish father who; under the discriminatory laws had to convert to Christianity in order to become a lawyer. Although Karl Marx was raised as a Protestant he soon abandoned religion. He ventured on to the University of Berlin as a law student. With an upheavalRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1149 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx emphasized conflict in the society due to consumerism, religion, intersectionality. He saw this conflict and determined that hidden structures can benefit him and others by using the term of ideology which can rely on true or false consciousness. Marx was a unique sociologist who expressed his own ideas in various ways. Applying to Marx’s Theory towards slavery, it showed how the society use to be and how it impacted the slaves to be part of their culture to manifest the society. Read MoreKarl Marx; (C)Eddie Babors the Human Person; Not Real, but Existing1663 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx –Report by Ma. Trixia F. Espiritu Santo DKI God bless you who’s reading this ï Å  Karl Marx (1818-1883) Marx’s views about human nature lies in his ideas of society and labor, both linked by his concept of matter that serves as the fundamental argument in Marxism. If man is greatly affected by the material conditions in his surroundings then man’s nature lies within the heart of society and labor which forms man. Two contending camps offering an understanding of human nature

Business Ethics And Competitive Advantage - 1085 Words

A strong ethical culture is important to a company reputation and having good business ethics can lead to a company having a competitive advantage. Having a good ethical culture helps create a brand that attracts top talent and builds trust among shareholders. Business ethics has been defined as one of the invaluable intangible assets for companies competing. Companies are able to create a global sustainable competitive advantage when they implement a strategy that other companies cannot imitate. Furthermore, companies must make change in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. An organization culture stands out as one of the most important factors that are in sustaining a competitive advantage and it is one of the reasons a company want to become a great place to work. Competitive Advantage Competitive advantage refers to a dominance gained by an organization that allows it to outperform its competitors. This can be achieved by exploiting appropriate value adding opportunities and/or reducing appropriate risks. Business ethics and competitive advantage involves building effective relationships with a company shareholders based on honesty and integrity that continue such relationships. Ensuring a sustainable and compelling competitive advantage is the key to winning with the customer and growing market share. Achieving a competitive advantage is when a company chose which segments to pursue and which brand attributes to the present in order to win. InShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1180 Words   |  5 Pagesof an organization in both positive and negative aspects. In order to be prepared for the ethical issues that will arise and to create an organizational competitive advantage, an intentional focus and effective communication of the code of ethics must be incorporated as a part of strategic planning. Sherwin (1983) indicates the that the term ethics, â€Å"refers to a set of moral norms, principles or values that guide people’s behavior† (cited in Brunk, 2012, p. 552). The importance of ethical awarenessRead MoreEthical Ethics And Financial Performance1206 Words   |  5 PagesWithin a competitive world, companies should become ethical throughout many perspectives. Ethics refers to the standards of right and wrong in an attempt to influence behaviour. (Kinicki 2015, p.83) In stating this, companies can be ethical within numerous occasions such as ethics and financial performance, ethical performance, ethics and sustainability and ethical competition such as competitive advantage. Despite the positive side, there are also some negative implications towards ethics. Ethics andRead MoreEthical Ethics And Financial Performance1371 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The aim of this essay is to evaluate that within a competitive world, companies should become ethical throughout many perspectives. Ethics refers to the standards of right and wrong in an attempt to influence behaviour. (Kinicki 2015 p.83) In stating this, companies can become ethical in such occasions being effective in the long run. These include ethics and financial performance in how companies can maximise profits and market share, ethical performance in discussing how companiesRead MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Issues Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pages(2011) nowadays, every organization has realized the vitality that ethical functionality gives to a business and need of attention to this emerging responsibility of organizations. 1.1. Growth and Ethics Consumer’s Perspective According to Shaw and Shiu, (2003) the concerns for ethical issues have been well documented in the ethical literature. They showed that there is a need to point out consumer ethics where their choices can either lead to some ethical issues. Exploring further into the literatureRead MoreGlobal Organisation : Lavalin Rail And Transit Ltd1488 Words   |  6 PagesControl Systems and Infrastructure to match those in Rolling Stock. †¢ Develop projects in all railway sectors e.g. light rail, metro, mainline, high speed, freight and other modes. †¢ Start up a Middle Eastern business in Abu Dhabi. Each objective is designed to create external growth of the business, by developing services to match the success of other highly successful services currently offered and develop in new geographical locations. All of which have the goal to create global expansion by producingRead MoreStrategic Plan, Part I1235 Words   |  5 Pagesclothing for the hip hop nation. 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How ethics in any business responds to stakeholders concerns There are three ways to respond to stake holder concerns: †¢ Involve the stakeholder in decision making process †¢ When settling business decisions, consider the stakeholders input †¢ Engage the stakeholder through their knowledge on what choice would be best suitable for a problem. 3. How AgencyRead MoreChallenges Faced By The Third Phase Of Globalization Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesworlds† (2004), it mentioned that with its various kin transnational, postmodern, and postcolonial â€Å"globalization† displaced â€Å"international†, the key word of an earlier moment, which had modified not only such grand capitalist forces as International Business Machines (IBM) and International Tele nationals of the world working class. As the skeptics remind us, globalization is not new, but is a long-term tendency of capitalism. Main body: After we understand the meaning of globalization, we need toRead MoreHuman Nature, Unethical Behavior, Ethical Behavior And Work934 Words   |  4 Pages For an organization to survive in today’s environment it must find ways to remain competitive. Some organizations focus their energy on a marketing campaign to better a product, while others have realized their employees are its most important asset. While this notion does not clearly identify a right or wrong answer, it does highlight the new idea of an ethical work force. According to Business Ethics, â€Å"ethics is the set of principles a person uses to determine whether an action is good or bad†Read MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Workforce Ethics1584 Words   |  7 PagesWorkforce ethics is a topic that must be considered by all companies when operating throughout their cycle of production. The Australian Government have put forward ethical standards that must be abided by when companies face ethical dilemmas. Many c ompany’s follow these rules and go above and beyond to ensure ethically behaviour is maintained. However, many company’s fool the system by ‘bluffing’ that they act in an ethical behaviour. The major factor why companies opt to act ethically or unethically

Balancing of parts Essay Example For Students

Balancing of parts Essay Engine balance refers to those factors in the design, production, tuning, maintenance and the operation of an engine that benefit from being balanced. Explanation:Piston engine balancing is a complicated subject that covers many areas in the design, production, tuning and operation. The engine considered to be well balanced in a particular usage may produce unacceptable level of vibration in another usage for the difference in driven mass and remounting method, and slight variations in resonant frequencies of the environment and engine parts could be big factors in throwing a smooth operation off balance. In addition to the vast areas that need to be covered and the delicate nature, terminologies commonly used to describe engine balance are often incorrectly understood and/or poorly defined not only in casual discussions but also in many articles on respected publications. Internal combustion piston engines, by definition, are converter devices to transform energy in intermittent combustion into energy in mechanical motion. A slider-crank mechanism is used in creating a chemical reaction on fuel with air compression and ignition), and converting the energy into rotation (expansion). The intermittent energy source combined with the nature of this mechanism make the engine naturally probationer. Multi-cylinder configuration and many of the engine design elements are reflections of the effort to reduce vibrations through the act of balancing. Fig. 01 Items to be balanced:There are many factors that could throw an engine off balance, and there are many ways to categorize them. The following is an example of categorizing the items that need to be balanced for a smooth running piston engine. . Static Balance Static balance refers to the balancing of weight and the location of CGI on moving parts. Reciprocating mass e. G. Piston and con rod weight and CGI uniformity, 0 Rotating mass e. G. Crank web weight uniformity and flywheel egocentricity. 2. Dynamic Balance In order for a mass to start moving or change its course in the motion, it needs to be accelerated. In order tort a mass to be accelerated, a torte is required, and that force needs to be countered (supported) in the opposite direction. Dynamic balance refers to the balancing of these forces and friction. All accelerations of a mass can be divided into two components opposing in the direction. For example, in order for a piston in a single cylinder engine to be accelerated upward, something must receive (support) the downward force, and it is usually the mass of the entire engine that moves downward a bit as there is no counter-moving piston. This means one cause Of engine vibration usually appears in two opposing directions. Often the movement or deflection in one direction appears on a moving mass, and the Other direction appears on the entire engine, but sometimes both sides appear on moving parts, e. G. A torsions vibration killing a crankshaft, or a push-pull resonance breaking a chain. In Other cases, one side is a deflection of a static part, the energy in which is converted into heat and dissipated into the coolant. Reciprocating mass Piston mass needs to be accelerated and decelerated, resisting a smooth rotation of a crankshaft. In addition to the up-down movement of a piston, a con rod big end swings left and right on top and bottom halves of a crank rotation. Fig. 02 3. Phase balance e. G. Pistons on 60 or 90 degree V without an offset crankshaft reciprocate with unevenly spaced phases in a crank rotation. 4 Plane balance . G. Boxer Twin pistons travel on two different rotational planes of the crankshaft, which Creates forces to rock the engine on Z-axis. 5. Plane balance e. G. Boxer Twin crankshaft without counterweights rocks the engine on Z-axis. 6. Torsions balance If the rigidity Of crank throws on an inline 4 cylinder engine is uniform, the crank throw farthest to clutch surface (#1 cylinder) normally shows the biggest torsions deflections. It is usually impossible to make these deflections uniform across multiple cylinders except on a radial engine. 7. Slide resistance balance A piston slides in a cylinder with friction. A ball in a ball bearing also slides as the diameter of inner and outer laces are different and the distance of circumference differs from the inside and out. When a ball bearing is used as the main bearing on a crankshaft, eccentricity of the laces normally create phase imbalance in slide friction. Metal bearing diameter and width define its bearing surface area, which needs to be balanced for the pressure and the rotational speed of the load, but differing main bearing sizes on a crankshaft create plane imbalance in slide friction, 8. Rolling resistance balance e. G. A ball in a ball bearing generates friction in oiling on a lace, 9. Torque Balance Torque here refers to the torque applied to crankshaft as a form of power generation, which usually is the result of gas expansion, In order for the torque to be generated, that force needs to be countered (supported) in the opposite direction, so engine mounts are essential in power generation, and their design is crucial for a smooth running engine. I o Timing/Direction of torque The concord of a cylinder with fast-burning mixture pushes the crankshaft most ATA different angle when compared to a late-igniting or slow-burning cylinder. 1. Phase balance e. G. Firings on a single cylinder 4 cycle engine occur at every 720 degrees in crankshaft rotation, Which is not balanced from one rotation to another. 12. Plane balance Torque is applied to the crankshaft on the crank rotational plane where the concord is located, Which are at different distances to power take off (clutch surface) plane on inline multi-cylinder engines. 13. Plane balance e. G. Compression on a boxer twin engine occurs at different planes on the crankshaft at different distances to clutch surface. A single plane (single row) radial engine does not have this plane imbalance except for a short schismatic between the power generating plane where the concords are, and the power take off plane where the propeller is, 14 Phase balance e. G. It only one cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine has a restrictive exhaust port, this condition results in increased resistance every 720 degrees on crank rotation on a 4 cycle engine. IS, Plane balance e. G. If only one cylinder of a multi-cylinder inline engine has a restrictive exhaust port, it results in increased resistance on the crank rotational plane where that cylinder/concord is located. Primary Balancing:The term Primary balance is a major source of confusion n the discussion of engine balance. Primary, first order or first harmonic balance are supposed to indicate the balancing Of items that could shake an engine once in every rotation of the crankshaft, i. E. Having the frequency equal to one crank rotation. A cylinder in 4 cycle engines fires once in two crank rotations, generating forces With the frequency Of a half the crankshaft speed, so the concept Of half order vibrations, is sometimes used when the discussion is on the balances on torque generation and compression. Epidemiology in Nutrition EssayPlease see flat-four hurdle explanation part of flat-four engine article on this exhaust requirement similar to the crosspiece V exhaust peculiarity. Fig. 07 . Five cylinder engines:line five cylinder (L S) engine, with crank throws at 72 phase shift to each other, is the common five cylinder configuration. (Notable exceptions are Honda racing VS And Volkswagen IVR engine. ) These typical LS engines have evenly spaced firing and perfect phase balance on reciprocating mass, with plane imbalance On reciprocating mass, plane imbalance on rotating mass, plane imbalance on torque generation, and plane imbalance on compression. Just like in inline 3 engines above, these first order rocking couples can be countered with heavy counterweights, and the secondary balance is memorable to, or better than an ordinary inline 6 because there are no piston pairs that move together. Compared to three and four cylinder designs, a major advantage in 4. Stroke format is the overlap in power stroke, where the combustion at every BIBB of crank rotation ensures a continuous driving torque, which, while not as much noticeable at high RPM, translates to a much smoother idle. Modern examples such as the 2013 Audio RSI engine have undersea design, because the advantage in secondary balance allows it to have longer stroke without sacrificing the higher RPM smoothness, which is desirable for a smaller ore that results in shorter engine length. Honda GAGA also with an undersea design, was originally introduced with a balance shaft driven at the crankshaft speed to counter the wiggling vibration caused by the plane imbalance on rotating mass, but it evolved into AS Liter GAS with heavier counterweights that does not have the balancer. Pig. 08 5. Inline six cylinder engines:line 6 normally has crank throws at 1200 phase shift to each other with two pistons at about equal distance to the center of the engine (#1 and #6 cylinders, #2 and 45, #3 and #4) always moving together, which results in superb plane balance on reciprocating mass and rotating mass in addition to the perfect phase balances. Combined vivid the overlapping torque generation at every 120 Of crankshaft rotation, it often results in a very smooth engine at idle. However, the piston pairs that move together tend to make secondary imbalance strong at high RPM, and the long length configuration can be a cause for crankshaft and camshaft torsions vibration, often requiring a torsions damper. The long length of the engine often calls for a smaller bore and longer stroke for a given cylinder displacement, which is another cause for large secondary imbalance unless designed with otherwise-unnecessary long concords that increase engine height. Moreover, 4-stroke inline 6 engines inherently have (Plane imbalance on torque generation) and (Plane imbalance on compression), which are typically more or less balanced on V 12 and Flat-12 configurations. In terms outfitting spacing, these typical inline 6 are like vivo inline 3 engines connected in the middle, so the firing interval is evenly distributed within the front three cylinders and within the back three, with equal 2400 spacing within the trio and 1202 phase shift to each other, So three-into-one exhaust manifolds n the front and on the rear three cylinders, with each of them then connected with a two-into>one pipe results in 1200 (2400 if not merged in a dual exhaust system) evenly distributed exhaust pulse. Intake pulse, which is also important to have equal spacing for evenly filling the cylinders With the same volume and mixture Of intake charge for uniform amount of torque and uniform timing in torque generation, is formed the same way, so NON carburetors or throttle bodies on two one-into-three intake manifolds each on the front and the rear three cylinders (strictly speaking when the three runner ingest are equal) results in evenly spaced intake pulse. Jaguar XX inline 6 had three US carburetors each serving the front two, middle two and the rear two cylinders in the later models, which resulted in unevenly distributed intake pulse at the front and the rear carburetors (the middle Carr gets an evenly spaced pulse at 3600 interval). This configuration, while resulting in higher power due to the increased total flow capacity of the carburetors than the earlier evenly- capsules twin carburetor configuration, may have contributed to the later 4. Liter versions rougher running reputation compared to the legendary and . 8 Liter versions. Modern inline six engines with fuel injection (including Diesels) normally have equal length intake runners connecting the intake ports to (often protruding into) a plenum (See Inlet manifold for parts descriptions) to keep intake pulse evenly spaced, Pig. 09 6. V engines:V engines with UN-split shared crank pin can have equally spaced firing when the V-angle is at 1200 (600 or 1200 for 2-stroke). However, the 1 200 bank angle makes the engine rather wide, so production V tend to use 600 angle with a crank pin that is offset 600 for the opposing cylinders. As offsetting he crank pin for as much as 600 no longer provides overlap in the diameter of the crank pin, the actual pin is not really an offset split pin, but normally is completely separate in two parts With a thin crank web connecting the two individual pins. This makes the crankshaft structurally weaker, much more so than in the crankshaft with slight offset seen on the Lanai pluvial V with 10. 0 to 130 offset, so racing V engines from Carlo Chit-designed 1961 Ferreira 156 engine to Cohorts GAB for Formula One often used the 1200 bank angle to avoid this weakness, unless required by the formula as in all the 2014 2015 Formula One . 6 Liter turbo V engines that has 90 bank angle according to the regulation. V is compact in length, width and height, which is advantageous for rigidity and weight. The short crankshaft len gth mitigates the torsions vibration problem, and secondary balance is better than in an inline 6 because there is no piston pair that move together. Furthermore, each bank of three cylinders have evenly spaced induction/ignition interval, so the intake/exhaust system advantage is shared with inline 3. However, these advantages come at the price of having plane imbalances on rotating mass, reciprocating mass, torque enervation, and compression. Also, the left and the right banks being staggered (for the thickness Of a concord plus the thin crank web) makes the reciprocating mass plane imbalance more difficult to be countered with heavy counterweights than in inline 3.

Project Management Principles

Team selection is a very important aspect of project management which should be handled in a careful manner (Juli 2010, p. 23). The success of any project depends on the quality of team members selected for the project. Project managers have the responsibility of making sure that the working characteristics of team members are clearly observed before coming up with the final list of their team members (Juli 2010, p. 23).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Management Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The personality and skills of workers are among the criteria used to select a team to work on a project. The defined requirements of a project have to be met and the method used to select and build a team affects the performance of a selected team. The role of each team member should be understood by other members to enhance good working relationships within the team (Juli 2010, p. 23). Belbin’s theory of team roles is very vital in modern day team selection. According to Belbin’s theory, the behavioral strengths and weaknesses of workers should be used to select team members. Information on people’s strengths and weaknesses can be used to improve working relationships and productivity within a team (Juli 2010, p. 23). Self-awareness and trust among team members are very important elements in creating a strong and effective team. A team selection criteria based on behavior helps a great deal in identifying team roles. Project managers are able to use the strengths of team members for the benefit of the organization (Juli 2010, p. 25). Project managers who are aware of the weaknesses within the team are in better position to manage them in the best way possible. The plant role represents the situation where creative and talented individuals who are good at solving problems are drafted into the team (Juli 2010, p. 27). The monitor evaluator is needed in a team to make impartial judgments in a logical manner. It is important for every team to have a monitor evaluator with a dispassionate approach to issues (Juli 2010, p. 27). A successful team should have a coordinator who can delegate duties and ensure that the goals and objectives of the team are realized (Juli 2010, p. 79). Resource investigators are very important to a team because they spy on the opposition’s activities and bring useful outside information to the team (Juli 2010, p. 79). It is very difficult for a team to execute its strategies and plans without implementers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implementers come up with workable and realistic strategies and ensure that all of them are executed in an efficient manner (Juli 2010, p. 79). According to Belbin, a team must also have a completer finisher who can point out the errors in a project and ensure that all the quality standards are met (Juli 2010, p. 79). A good team must have team workers with good interpersonal skills who can bring unity within the team and at the same time be ready to work on behalf of the team (Juli 2010, p. 99). A good team must also have shapers who can motivate and challenge other team members to ensure that they remain focused on the task ahead of them. Every team needs specialist with an in-depth knowledge on important areas and can make a special contribution to the team (Spinner 1997, p. 56). Every team member has different characteristics that are very important to the team. All of these characters are important when building a balanced team (Spinner 1997, p. 56). All the nine team roles should be represented in team for it to be effective and efficient when working on project (Spinner 1997, p. 56). There are some weaknesses which are allowable in a team and must be well managed by project managers. The nine characters highlighted by Belbin are very es sential in building a well balanced team (Spinner 1997, p. 56). Building working relationships among team members in a newly assembled team is great challenge for many project managers (Spinner 1997, p. 105). Developing working relationships in a team during initial stages is very important in minimizing conflicts within the team (Spinner 1997, p. 105). In order to build good working relationships within the team, the project manager should first of all assign tasks to every team member according to their talents and ability (Spinner 1997, p. 105). This is a way of demonstrating that the project manager is aware of the talents and abilities of each team member. Team members can be encouraged to perform beyond expectation through verbal motivation (Spinner 1997, p. 105). Assigning tasks according to talents helps in building the strengths of team members and enables team members to appreciate the abilities of other members within the team. The project manager should act responsively and serve as a role model to team members (Spinner 1997, p. 105). A project manager who works hard tends to motivate team members to do the same and give out their best.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Management Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Trust among team members can only be achieved through working together towards achieving the set targets. Team members should be aware of the fact that they are responsible for all their actions. A good working relationship within a team can also be achieved through recognizing accomplishments and constructive criticism (Spinner 1997, p. 146). In order to build good working relationships, any kind of criticism within the team should be objective and constructive without being personal so that no team member feels offended because of criticism (Spinner 1997, p. 146). Team members should also be encouraged to recognize the strengths of fellow team membe rs by appreciating the role played by other team members towards achieving the team’s goals and objectives (Spinner 1997, p. 146). A project manager should encourage team embers to share information about their personal life to make their relationships very close (Spinner 1997, p. 146). Project managers should encourage team members to socialize beyond work and even celebrate personal events together. This helps a great deal in building and promoting positive working relationships within a team (Spinner 1997, p. 146). Project methodologies are very important in ensuring that the project is executed successfully within the specified budget and time (Juli 2010, p. 178). A project methodology describes all the steps to be followed in carrying out various tasks in a project and when the project tasks are to be accomplished (Juli 2010, p. 178). Projects in Controlled Environments is a project methodology that covers the organization and control of a project (Juli 2010, p. 178). Th e Ten Step Project Management Process is a project methodology that brings flexibility in a project. The best practices project methodology and the unified project management methodology involve the use quality management tools to ensure that projects are completed according to the required standards (Juli 2010, p. 184). A project methodology helps project managers to manage their teams and at the same time come up with a project roadmap.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The type of organizational structure can lead to the success or failure of a project (Juli 2010, p. 184). The functional organizational structure allows teams to be formed according to skills and purpose. This structure is important in team projects because members with similar skills and ideals can be grouped together (Juli 2010, p. 184). The major weakness of the functional organizational structure is that it does not bring balance in a team because some important team roles may not be available. The divisional structure gives room for independent departments to work in coordination with the central leadership (Juli 2010, p. 184). This structure is good for team building because it allows members with different skills to work together for the benefit of the team (Juli 2010, p. 184). The matrix structure is a combination of the functional and the division organizational structures. The matrix structure can bring conflicts within a team because there is no proper definition of roles . Tuchman’s model is very important in forming a team because it allows a team to have some kind of democracy and consensus on important issues because of its emphasis on norming and performance (Williams 2008, p. 62). Tuckman’s model allows team members to understand and get used to each other before embarking on serious work (Williams 2008, p. 62). The success of a project entirely depends on the ability of a project manager to carry out his responsibilities and duties as expected (Williams 2008, p. 62). A project manager is involved in defining the scope of a project and drawing up the roadmap for a project. The two elements give a project some purpose and direction (Williams 2008, p. 62). A project manager has to ensure that the resources meant for the project are well utilized according to plan. Time and cost estimates for a particular project are normally done by the project manager who has to ensure that all the team members adhere to them. It is the responsibil ity of a project manager to conduct a risk analysis for a particular project and come up with ways of managing all the risks and other emerging issues (Williams 2008, p. 62). Project documentation is also done by the project manager for the sake of accountability. A Project manager should also monitor and report the progress of a project to his superiors. A project manager is a team leader who should inspire and motivate all the team members working on particular project (Williams 2008, p. 62). A project manager has to ensure that a project meets the required standards by facilitating quality control (Williams 2008, p. 75). Managing multiple simultaneous projects is a great challenge for project managers due to quite a number of reasons (Williams 2008, p. 75). To begin with, a project manager is not in a better position to monitor the tasks being carried by all project team in detail. Some projects may have tight deadlines and therefore project managers may not have enough time to a ttend all meetings and at the same time supervise other tasks (Williams 2008, p. 75). A project manager has to handle multiple risks when it comes to multiple projects and is also expected to solve all the issues coming for each project. There is a problem of being overloaded because some project managers may not be used to managing multiple simultaneous projects (Williams 2008, p. 75). Working with a limited resource pool may also be a great challenge for a project manager handling multiple simultaneous projects (Williams 2008, p. 83). The multiple projects being handled by a single project manager may have conflicting priorities. The performance of team members may not be good due to unclear communication channels (Williams 2008, p. 83). It takes a lot of time for a project manager working on multiple projects to pass information to a particular team. It is also difficult to integrate multiple projects and at the same time be able beat the deadline for each project (Williams 2008, p. 83). References Juli, T 2010, Leadership principles for project success, CRC Press, New York, NY. Spinner, M 1997, Project management: Principles and practices, Prentice Hall, London. Williams, M 2008, The principles of project management, SitePoint, New York, NY. This report on Project Management Principles was written and submitted by user Jason Wilkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.